Primary school students’ perceptions of artificial intelligence – for good or bad

This qualitative case study examines Swedish primary school students' (ages 11-12) cognitive and affective perceptions of AI and their current usage patterns through pre-tests, focus group interviews, and post-lesson evaluations. The study explores students' understanding of AI concepts, emotional responses to AI, and their concerns about rapid AI development, job loss, and privacy.

Since the end of 2022, global discussions on Artificial Intelligence (AI) have surged, influencing diverse societal groups, such as teachers, students and policymakers. This case study focuses on Swedish primary school students aged 11–12. The aim is to examine their cognitive and affective perceptions of AI and their current usage. Data, comprising a pre-test, focus group interviews, and post-lesson evaluation reports, were analysed using a fusion of Mitcham’s philosophical framework of technol

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