KTCF: Actionable Recourse in Knowledge Tracing via Counterfactual Explanations for Education
This paper proposes KTCF, a counterfactual explanation method for Knowledge Tracing models that generates actionable educational instructions by identifying which previous problem responses a student should revise to improve predicted mastery on target knowledge concepts. The method accounts for knowledge concept relationships and converts counterfactual explanations into sequences of study recommendations.
Using Artificial Intelligence to improve teaching and learning benefits greater adaptivity and scalability in education. Knowledge Tracing (KT) is recognized for student modeling task due to its superior performance and application potential in education. To this end, we conceptualize and investigate counterfactual explanation as the connection from XAI for KT to education. Counterfactual explanations offer actionable recourse, are inherently causal and local, and easy for educational stakeholde