Enhancing Critical Thinking in Education by means of a Socratic Chatbot

This paper presents a Socratic chatbot built by fine-tuning and prompt-tuning small open-source LLMs (Llama2 7B/13B) to foster critical thinking through questioning rather than direct answers, validated through simulated student-chatbot interactions that measure reflection and critical thinking development.

While large language models (LLMs) are increasingly playing a pivotal role in education by providing instantaneous, adaptive responses, their potential to promote critical thinking remains understudied. In this paper, we fill such a gap and present an innovative educational chatbot designed to foster critical thinking through Socratic questioning. Unlike traditional intelligent tutoring systems, including educational chatbots, that tend to offer direct answers, the proposed Socratic tutor encour

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