Creating a customisable Socratic AI physics tutor

This paper demonstrates how to customize Google's Gemini LLM into a Socratic physics tutor through 'role engineering' (providing detailed instructions and persona scripts), and evaluates its ability to engage in pedagogical dialogue rather than directly providing solutions. The work includes two case studies showing the tutor's multimodal capabilities (analyzing hand-drawn diagrams) and its ability to guide conceptual reasoning in physics problem-solving through Socratic questioning.

This paper explores role engineering as an effective paradigm for customizing large language models into specialized AI tutors for physics education. We demonstrate this methodology by designing a Socratic physics problem-solving tutor using Google’s Gemini Gems feature, defining its pedagogical behaviour through a detailed ‘script’ that specifies its role and persona. We present two illustrative use cases: the first demonstrates the Gem’s multimodal ability to analyse a student’s hand-drawn for

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