Controlling Pre-trained Language Models for Grade-Specific Text Simplification

This paper develops a method to control pre-trained language models for grade-specific text simplification, predicting low-level edit operations needed to simplify texts to specific reading grade levels (grades 3-8). The work focuses on automatic text rewriting to match target grade-level readability rather than evaluating learning outcomes or pedagogical effectiveness.

Text simplification (TS) systems rewrite text to make it more readable while preserving its content. However, what makes a text easy to read depends on the intended readers. Recent work has shown that pre-trained language models can simplify text using a wealth of techniques to control output simplicity, ranging from specifying only the desired reading grade level, to directly specifying low-level edit operations. Yet it remains unclear how to set these control parameters in practice. Existing a

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